Enzyme hydrolysis
Enzymatic hydrolysis process converts pre-treated substrate to monomeric sugars, which could be further converted to ethanol or other value-added chemicals. An ideal enzymatic hydrolysis process is expected to yield maximum conversion of substrate to sugars at high consistency within reasonable time with least enzymatic input. We investigate various enzyme and substrate related factors affecting the efficiency of hydrolysis including the effect of substrate accessibility, cellulose crystallinity, effect of hemicellulose and lignin removal, lignin-enzyme interactions, and the effect of degree of synergy between various enzyme components in the cellulase enzyme mixture.
Our partners in enzyme research: Genome BC, Novozymes
Selected Enzyme hydrolysis Publications:
Keith Gourlay, Jinguang Hu, Valdeir Arantes, Merja Penttila, Jack N. Saddler. The use of Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBMs) to monitor changes in fragmentation and cellulose fibre surface morphology during Cellulase and Swollenin induced deconstruction of lignocellulosic substrates. The journal of Biological Chemistry (2014) 1-22, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M114.627604
Valdeir Arantes, Keith Gourlay and Jack N Saddler (2014) The enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated pulp fibers predominantly involves “peeling/erosion” modes of action. Biotechnology for Biofuels 7:87, DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-87
Jinguang Hu, Valdeir Arantes, Amadeus Pribowo, Keith Gourlay and Jack N. Saddler (2014) Substrate factors that influence the synergistic interaction of AA9 and cellulases during the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. Energy & Environmental Science. 7 (7), 2308 – 2315
Hu J, Arantes V, Pribowo A & Saddler JN (2013) The synergistic action of accessory enzymes enhances the hydrolytic potential of a “cellulase mixture” but is highly substrate specific. Biotechnology for Biofuels 6: 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-112
Gourlay, K., Hu, J., Arantes, V., Andberg, M., Saloheimo, M., Penttilä, M., Saddler, J., Swollenin Aids in the Amorphogenesis Step during the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Biomass, Bioresource Technology (2013), 142, 498-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.053
Pribowo,A.Y., Hu, J., Arantes, V., Saddler, J.N. 2013. The development and use of an ELISA-based method to follow the distribution of cellulase monocomponents during the hydrolysis of pretreated corn stover. Biotechnology for Biofuels (2013), 6:80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-80
Gourlay, K., Arantes, V., Saddler, J.N. 2012. Use of substructure-specific carbohydrate binding modules to track changes in cellulose accessibility and surface morphology during the amorphogenesis step of enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnology for biofuels, 5:51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.053
Del Rio, L.F., Chandra, R.P., Saddler, J.N. 2012. Fibre size does not appear to influence the ease of enzymatic hydrolysis of organosolv-pretreated softwoods. Bioresource Technology, 107, 235-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.057
Olsen, C., Arantes, V., Saddler, J. 2012. The use of predictive models to optimize sugar recovery obtained after the steam pre-treatment of softwoods. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr, 6(5), 534-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1347
Pribowo, A., Arantes, V., Saddler, J.N. 2012. The adsorption and enzyme activity profiles of specific Trichoderma reesei cellulase/xylanase components when hydrolyzing steam pretreated corn stover. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 50(3), 195-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.12.004
Arantes, V., Saddler, J.N. 2011. Cellulose accessibility limits the effectiveness of minimum cellulase loading on the efficient hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. Biotechnology for biofuels, 4(3), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-3
Kumar, L., Chandra, R., Saddler, J. 2011. Influence of Steam Pretreatment Severity on Post-Treatments Used to Enhance the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Softwoods at Low Enzyme Loadings. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 108(10), 2300-2311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.23185
Nakagame, S., Chandra, R.P., Kadla, J.F., Saddler, J.N. 2011a. Enhancing the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Increasing the Carboxylic Acid Content of the Associated Lignin. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 108(3), 538-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22981
Nakagame, S., Chandra, R.P., Kadla, J.F., Saddler, J.N. 2011b. The isolation, characterization and effect of lignin isolated from steam pretreated Douglas-fir on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Bioresource Technology, 102(6), 4507-4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.082
Del Rio, L.F., Chandra, R.P., Saddler, J.N. 2011. The Effects of Increasing Swelling and Anionic Charges on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Organosolv-Pretreated Softwoods at Low Enzyme Loadings. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 108(7), 1549-1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.23090
Hu, J., Arantes, V., Saddler, J.N. 2011. The enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates by the addition of accessory enzymes such as xylanase: is it an additive or synergistic effect? Biotechnology For Biofuels (2011), 4:36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-36
Nakagame, S., Chandra, R.P., Saddler, J.N. 2010. The effect of isolated lignins, obtained from a range of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates, on enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 105(5), 871-879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22626
Arantes, V., Saddler, J.N. 2010. Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 3(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-3-4
Tu, M., Saddler, J.N. 2010. Potential enzyme cost reduction with the addition of surfactant during the hydrolysis of pretreated softwood. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 161(1-8), 274-287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8869-4
Bura, R., Chandra, R., Saddler, J. 2009. Influence of xylan on the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated corn stover and hybrid Poplar. Biotechnology Progress, 25(2), 315-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.98
Chandra, R.P., Ewanick, S.M., Chung, P.A., Au-Yeung, K., Del Rio, L., Mabee, W., Saddler, J.N. 2009. Comparison of methods to assess the enzyme accessibility and hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. Biotechnology Letters, 31(8), 1217-1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-009-9993-5
Zhang, X., Qin, W., Paice, M.G., Saddler, J.N. 2009. High consistency enzymatic hydrolysis of hardwood substrates. Bioresource Technology, 100(23), 5890-5897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.082
Tu, M., Pan, X., Saddler, J.N. 2009a. Adsorption of cellulase on cellulolytic enzyme lignin from Lodgepole pine. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(17), 7771-7778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf901031m
Tu, M., Zhang, X., Paice, M., MacFarlane, P., Saddler, J.N. 2009b. The potential of enzyme recycling during the hydrolysis of a mixed softwood feedstock. Bioresource Technology, 100(24), 6407-6415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.108
Tu, M., Zhang, X., Paice, M., McFarlane, P., Saddler, J.N. 2009c. Effect of surfactants on separate hydrolysis fermentation and simultaneous saccharification fermentation of pretreated Lodgepole pine. Biotechnology Progress, 25(4), 1122-1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.198
Chandra, R., Ewanick, S., Hsieh, C., Saddler, J.N. 2008. The characterization of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, Part 1: A modified Simons’ staining technique. Biotechnology Progress, 24(5), 1178-1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.33
Tu, M., Chandra, R.P., Saddler, J.N. 2007. Recycling cellulases during the hydrolysis of steam exploded and ethanol pretreated lodgepole pine. Biotechnology Progress, 23(5), 1130-1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp070129d
Berlin, A., Maximenko, V., Gilkes, N., Saddler, J. 2007. Optimization of enzyme complexes for lignocellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 97(2), 287-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.21238
Tu, M., Chandra, R.P., Saddler, J.N. 2007. Evaluating the distribution of cellulases and the recycling of free cellulases during the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. Biotechnology Progress, 23(2), 398-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp060354f
Ohgren, K., Bura, R., Saddler, J., Zacchi, G. 2007. Effect of hemicellulose and lignin removal on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam pretreated corn stover. Bioresource Technology, 98(13), 2503-2510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.003
Berlin, A., Maximenko, V., Bura, R., Kang, K., Gilkes, N., Saddler, J. 2006. A rapid microassay to evaluate enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 93(5), 880-886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.20783
Berlin, A., Gilkes, N., Kilburn, D., Maximenko, V., Bura, R., Markov, A., Skomarovsky, A., Gusakov, A., Sinitsyn, A., Okunev, O., Solovieva, I., Saddler, J.N. 2006. Evaluation of cellulase preparations for hydrolysis of hardwood substrates. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 130(1-3), 528-545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.039